AI being used to add fake details in immigration, asylum applications, federal officials say

Unfortunate but not surprising:

Artificial intelligence is being used to bolster immigration and asylum cases in Canada by generating fake narratives, including references to fabricated court decisions.

Both the federal department, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), and the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB), an independent tribunal that rules on asylum applications, say they have detected the use of AI in applications containing fake or inaccurate information.

The IRB said that the use of AI in applications to stay in Canada as a refugee is creating a fresh challenge for its employees. 

“Recently, we have observed that memoranda of appeal are becoming lengthier, yet this increase in volume does not necessarily translate to stronger arguments. In fact, occasionally these documents include references to case law that do not exist or cite legal precedents for propositions they do not actually support,” the IRB in a statement. “This adds unnecessary complexity and time to our work.”…

Source: AI being used to add fake details in immigration, asylum applications, federal officials say

StatsCan: Job mismatch among core working age immigrants with postsecondary education

Another informative study:

…Recent immigrants more likely than established immigrants and persons born in Canada to experience job mismatch

In September 2024 and September 2025, among core-aged workers with a postsecondary diploma or degree, immigrants (25.2%) were more likely to report being overqualified for their job overall compared with persons born in Canada (19.1%).

The longer an immigrant had lived in Canada after becoming a permanent resident, the less likely they were to report being overqualified, and recent immigrants were most likely to indicate being overqualified for their job (32.6%). Among established immigrants—persons who had become permanent residents more than 10 years earlier—this proportion was 22.4%, much closer to the share observed among persons born in Canada (19.1%).

Across almost all measures, recent immigrants had higher rates of job mismatch than both established immigrants and persons born in Canada. The only exception was the proportion of workers who reported having more skills than needed in their jobs, which was fairly similar among those born in Canada (29.1%), recent immigrants (30.7%) and established immigrants (28.7%).

The pattern of decreasing levels of job mismatch as landed immigrants spend more time in Canada aligns with previous research showing that the labour market outcomes of immigrants tend to improve as they integrate the Canadian labour market over time or pursue additional studies in Canada.Note 8

LFS data show that the share of workers with a postsecondary diploma or degree working in a job requiring a high school diploma or less has been higher among recent immigrants compared with persons born in Canada and established immigrants since the beginning of the data series in 2006. This pattern persisted in September 2024 and 2025, but it should be noted that the share of recent immigrants who faced this type of job mismatch was at its lowest level from 2020 to 2025,Note 9 coinciding in part with the tight labour market conditions of the post-COVID recovery. For more information on the recent labour market experiences of immigrants see: Labour market experiences of recent working-age immigrants and non-permanent residents, 2019 to 2024

Source: Job mismatch among core working age immigrants with postsecondary education

Why foreign recruits won’t solve Canada’s military staffing problems

Yet another ill-advised boutique program as Banerjee notes:

…Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada in February announced said it is expanding its Express Entry immigration program, adding three new permanent residency streams that cover professions the Liberal government says are needed to fill critical labour gaps, including “highly skilled foreign military applicants” recruited by the Canadian Armed Forces in roles such as military doctors, pilots and nurses.

Ottawa did not specify how many permanent residents it aims to recruit under the new immigration stream. 

The expansion will effectively move applicants in these professions to the front of the line for permanent residency.

The changes essentially placed a few select professions with Canadian work experience at the head of the queue for permanent residency via Express Entry, a stream of economic migrants introduced designed to get immigrants into jobs faster without long delays. 

Immigration Minister Lena Metlege Diab said the decision to have a new category for skilled foreign military applicants “supports Canada’s defence industrial strategy,” and aims to “strengthen our armed forces, defend our sovereignty and to keep Canadians safe.”…

Canada’s shift toward a category-based “boutique” immigration system that prioritizes certain professions over other immigrants is concerning, said Rupa Banerjee, an associate professor at Toronto Metropolitan University and Canada Research Chair in economic inclusion, employment and entrepreneurship of immigrants.

Labour market needs can shift quickly, and it’s difficult to accurately predict which jobs are in demand now and how that may change in the future, she said.

Banerjee pointed to the 1990s dot-com boom which saw Canada actively recruit IT and computer science professionals, anticipating massive demand. Following the subsequent tech bubble burst, many of these skilled immigrants faced unemployment, highlighting the volatility of relying on specific, fast-changing industries for economic growth and immigration planning.

“We’ve seen that labour market needs change before we are able to respond … and there’s always this lag,” Banerjee said. “It’s very short-sighted.”

Source: Why foreign recruits won’t solve Canada’s military staffing problems

Sasson: Israel’s New Death Penalty Law Is a Warning

Further decline and reinforcing Apartheid state comparisons…:

The Israeli parliament, the Knesset, last week passed a law allowing the hanging of Palestinians convicted of killings during militant attacks, using language that effectively exempts Jewish perpetrators of nationalistic violence. This legislation is both unconstitutional and discriminatory. Beyond its fundamental immorality, the law is part of a larger, accelerating effort to systematically end once and for all the possibility of a Palestinian state. That effort includes the uncontrolled surge in violence by settlers against Palestinians in the occupied West Bank, and a strategic restructuring of the West Bank’s administration intended to make it easier for settlers and the state to seize Palestinian land.

An alliance of settlers and far-right politicians is the primary engine behind this radical transformation. While polls show that most Israelis support it, the legislation was pushed through by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to ensure the survival of his governing coalition by indulging the vengeance narrative that serves as the cornerstone of the political goals of the national security minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir, a key partner in the coalition.

Its passage comes on the heels of a sharp escalation in near-daily acts of violence against Palestinians in the West Bank over the past year. Settlers have raided Palestinian villages, setting fire to homes and vehicles, harming livestock and uprooting trees. In February and March alone, settlers reportedly killed eight Palestinians….

Talia Sasson is a former senior official in Israel’s State Attorney’s Office and former president of the New Israel Fund. She wrote from Tel Aviv.

Source: Israel’s New Death Penalty Law Is a Warning

Treasury Board report shows employment equity not affected by early phases of public service job losses in 2024-25

My assessment:

The most recent report on diversity in the public service says hiring dipped by 40 per cent last year as the bureaucracy began reversing course on a decade of significant growth. But this appears to have had limited impact on equity efforts.

New data on employment equity in the federal public service shows initial attempts to shrink the population had a limited effect on the proportions of equity-seeking groups. But one expert on public policy and governance says coming job cuts are “agnostic” to these efforts, and a large public-sector union says the government isn’t doing enough to ensure diversity is maintained amid sweeping job cuts.

“I can’t see evidence that minority groups are being penalized compared to majority groups,” said Andrew Griffith, a former public servant who was a director general of citizenship and multiculturalism at then-Citizenship and Immigration Canada….

Griffith noted concerns about job cuts in the public service hampering progress in employment equity, but so far that doesn’t seem to be the case.

“Now, it might change in the current year, given the cutbacks are more significant this year,” said Griffith, referring to the approximately 24,000 public servants who have already received notice that their jobs might be at risk, and the some 9,000 jobs expected to be cut….

“The numbers don’t tell the whole story”: Turnbull

Lori Turnbull is a political science professor at Dalhousie University, a senior adviser at the Institute on Governance, and worked in the Privy Council Office from 2015 until 2017.

Speaking to The Hill Times, she said the high percentage of women “really makes it look like the public service is doing well,” in terms of equity among its ranks, but “that doesn’t really speak to what’s going on for other groups,” she said.

“I don’t think anybody would come away from that and think, ‘Oh, we better be worried because the share of women [being hired] decreased by three points,” Turnbull said, noting the high number of women in executive positions as well as the broader public service.

However, she noted the current spending review that is expected to shed thousands of jobs from the public service is “agnostic” to employment equity considerations.

“It just doesn’t really sound like there’s much co-ordination in that,” she said.

“The way they’re measuring [it] is by the numbers, by the money, and not by the function and the specific people,” she said.

“You get the numbers, and it doesn’t tell the whole story.”

Sean O’Reilly, president of the Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada, one of the largest federal public service unions, said the government isn’t doing enough to protect equity-seeking groups from cuts.

“There are big concerns,” he said. “Some of the correlation we’ve seen in the past with cuts, and we fear that, we do fear that these groups will be unjustly affected by all these cuts.”

Source: Treasury Board report shows employment equity not affected by early phases of public service job losses in 2024-25 Paywall

Fraser: Trading rights for efficiency: Why Bill C‑12’s restrictive asylum measures will likely backfire

Interesting analysis:

…The rhetoric then was nearly identical to the rhetoric today: procedural restrictions would filter out “unfounded” claims made by applicants from “safe” countries and speed up the system.

Human rights concerns aside, did these deterrence policies meet their stated goal of making the system more efficient? 

My SSHRC-funded study of 178,873 asylum claims filed between 2006 and 2017 — one of the largest independent analyses of the Canadian asylum system to date — reveals they did not

As an expert witness cited in the Social Affairs, Science and Technology (SOCI) committee report on Bill C-12, I briefed the Senate on my study.

My research was based on a statistical analysis of asylum claims filed before and after the DCO policy came into effect (2006 to 2017) and interviews with immigration lawyers and adjudicators at the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) of Canada’s Refugee Protection Division. To date, mine is one of the few academic studies examining what makes Canada’s immigration procedures more or less efficient. 

The Harper government rightly identified withdrawn and abandoned asylum claims as a key source of inefficiency. In my analysis, I found that these types of unfinished claims significantly contribute to application backlogs:…

Source: Trading rights for efficiency: Why Bill C‑12’s restrictive asylum measures will likely backfire

As H-1B Visa Program Changes, Skilled Foreign Workers Consider Leaving U.S.

Of note:

The pathway to building a career in the United States for many highly educated and skilled foreign workers was once clear: Earn a degree from an American university or college, and then be recruited by a company willing to sponsor one of the 85,000 H-1B visas awarded annually to fill specialized roles and grant work status for up to six years.

Now that reliable route is shifting as the Trump administration has made fundamental changes to the way the visas are granted.

The New York Times spoke to three international workers caught in the middle: an Indian woman who, after receiving her master’s degree in biotechnology from Northwestern University, struggled to find a company that would sponsor her for temporary employment; a Chinese-Mongolian marketing analyst in New York who was laid off and is now hustling to find an employer to sponsor her visa; and a Taiwanese software engineer in Seattle who dealt with anxiety because of shifting immigration policies amid widespread tech layoffs.

The H-1B program allows U.S. companies in major industries like technology and medicine to submit visa applications for foreign candidates, who are then entered into a lottery system. Though the visa program has been around since 1990, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services began using a random selection process in 2013 to handle the surplus of applications. Since then, demand has continued to soar.

Last September, the Trump administration imposed a $100,000 feeon new H-1B applicants, stirring confusion around the program. Then in late February, another hurdle was introduced: The Department of Homeland Security turned this game of chance into one that prioritizes higher salaries.

Now, if there are more H-1B applicants than spots available, U.S.C.I.S. will conduct a weighted lottery system based on new criteria: wage levels that are calculated with government employment and wage data, which include factors like job title and location. This new process gives applications tied to higher wages an advantage in the lottery system.

The D.H.S. says the new rule is meant to better protect job opportunities for Americans and to deter companies from filing H-1B petitions for low-skilled, low-paid positions, a practice the Trump administration says has led to the abuse of the program.

“There’s definitely a panic level that we hadn’t seen in the past with clients,” said Matthew Maiona, a Boston-based immigration lawyer who has over 30 years of experience representing both employers and employees in sectors like I.T. and engineering.

“H-1Bs are not a cheap way of doing things,” he said. “You have to pay all the filing fees and legal fees, and you’re also paying a prevailing wage that’s set by the Department of Labor.”…

Source: As H-1B Visa Program Changes, Skilled Foreign Workers Consider Leaving U.S.

Karas: End unconditional birthright citizenship in Canada to curb abuses

Karas continues to argue, justifiably, against birth tourism.

While the legislative change in simple, implementation is more challenging given Canada’s federal system where birth registries and vital stats agencies are provincial responsibly. Former IRCC ministers Kenney and Alexander abandoned plans in 2012 given these difficulties and lack of provincial agreement: see my What the previous government learned about birth tourism:

…Ending “birthright by default” in Canada is not about closing the door to immigrants – it is about closing a loophole. A straightforward amendment to the Citizenship Act to require that at least one parent be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident for a child born in Canada to automatically obtain citizenship would dissuade birth tourism overnight. Genuine newcomers would still be welcome through our immigration channels, and children born in Canada could still acquire citizenship once a parent becomes a citizen or via a naturalization process. This reform would protect our social and health systems from unfair burdens and ensure that citizenship is reserved for those with a real stake in Canada. Notably, Canadians across the spectrum support such a change: in one poll, 64% of respondents agreed that birthright citizenship should be denied to babies born to tourists or short-term visitors.

Canada’s generosity should not be misused as a shortcut to a “dream passport.” Ending unconditional birthright citizenship is a prudent, necessary step to safeguard the value of Canadian nationality. It would shut down an entire boutique industry of “passport babies” that has thrived at our expense, particularly drawing in wealthy travel-from-abroad clients. It would affirm the principle that Canadian citizenship is earned through genuine connection – by blood, by upbringing, or by naturalization – not by accident of birth location. Dozens of other successful, welcoming countries have already made this change, striking a balance between openness and fairness. Canada can do the same. Closing this loophole would uphold the integrity of our immigration system, protect public resources, and underscore that being Canadian is a privilege to be gained through true attachment to this country, not purchased through birth tourism. It is about fairness: citizenship should be a deeper bond than just being born in the right place at the right time.

Source: OP-ED: End unconditional birthright citizenship in Canada to curb abuses

Who counts as Canadian? The Charter case reshaping Canadian citizenship: Randolph Hahn for Inside Policy

Interesting how this view has emerged that this possibility was not raised in any substantive way during the parliamentary and other discussions of C-3 and predecessor bills, with discussion focused on retroactive application to the second generation born abroad, not earlier generations. Examples include Idées | Après la loi C-3, un réveil franco-américain, and the CBC article below this commentary, both with respect to early waves of Quebec emigration to the USA.

As the CBC story makes clear, considerable work is still required to document the family links, which I can appreciate having done some genealogy myself. IRCC may face challenges in verification.

As in all cases of “lost Canadians,” the degree to which individuals will wish to avail themselves of Canadian citizenship will likely be significantly less than the overall number of Canadian expatriates in the second generation and beyond. But given that most descendants of Canadians reside in the USA, there appears to be a Trump push factor.

2027 data will provide an indication:

…Stakeholders in citizenship law are now wondering how the new law will be interpreted and applied. An increasing consensus is emerging that the potential beneficiaries could include anyone who has an ancestor who was born in Canada, no matter how far back – even before 1867. It may be that many people in New England (who have ancestors from the Maritimes) or even Louisiana (who can trace their lineage back to the expulsion of Acadians in the 18th century) may now have claims to Canadian citizenship.

A report by House of Commons Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration references a report by the Parliamentary Budget Officer (for Bill C-71). A section titled “Volumes” includes an estimate of people affected by the legislative amendments beginning in 2025–26 but tellingly adds  “… estimates on Canadians living abroad and the projected total number of individuals that would be affected by the Bill are subject to uncertainty.”

Not included in Bill C-3 are any requirements for security checks on those who would claim citizenship under the new rules. Nor are they required to provide police certificates or pass language or knowledge tests. According to the Act, “Canadians who are currently born citizens by descent are not required to undergo security or criminality screenings in order to be or remain citizens.”

Moreover, a committee briefing from the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration notes that most people currently excluded from citizenship because of the first-generation limit were born after 2009, when it came into force. This cohort consists largely of minors aged 16 and under in 2025 and are generally deemed to be lower risk for security or criminality purposes.

In fact, Bill C-3 opens the door to citizenship for many people born before as well as after 2009. Among them are many people who might give rise to security concerns. But since they are now deemed Canadian citizens by law rather than by grant, they do not need to submit to security checks. This raises serious concerns in an increasingly dangerous world.

Equally important is the broader issue of what makes a person Canadian. By opening the citizenship door so widely, it diminishes the importance of an inherited history and a shared stake in the future.

While the government aimed for prospective uniformity, by sidestepping retroactive changes it may have inadvertently bolstered the case that Canada truly is “the first post-national state.”


Randolph Hahn is a partner with Garson Immigration Law and has practiced exclusively in citizenship and immigration law for many years. He is a former chair of the Citizenship and Immigration Section of the Ontario Bar Association and is the associate editor of the Immigration Law Reporter. He has authored many professional papers.

Source: Who counts as Canadian? The Charter case reshaping Canadian citizenship: Randolph Hahn for Inside Policy

Millions of Americans can now claim Canadian citizenship by descent. But they have to prove it

…In Quebec, official documents dating back to 1621 and up to 100 years ago are kept by the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ), with more recent records available through the Directeur de l’état civil.

Sarah Hanahem, an archivist with the BAnQ office in Montreal, said while there’s always been an interest from Americans looking into their ancestry, requests for certified copies have exploded.

“In January 2025, we had 32 requests for certified copies of vital records and this year in January 2026, we’ve had over 1,000,” she said, adding most of those requests were made by Americans.

In statements to CBC, other archives across the country, including New Brunswick, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Ontario, have also seen a sizable increase in requests from the same time last year.

Because of the sudden surge in demand, Hanahem warned that international applicants should expect delays. 

The priority, she said, is to fulfil requests by Quebec residents.“BAnQ is a government entity and we are paid with Quebec tax dollars.”

But more than that, Hanahem said the process itself is lengthy and can involve a lot of research. 

There are sometimes discrepancies with the spelling of names, some of which might have changed over time, she said. Other times, critical information like which parish someone was born in, is unknown or key dates are approximate when actual dates are required.

“We have to go back to the original register,” Hanamen said, explaining some of the bound volumes are very old and need to be handled carefully. …

Source: Millions of Americans can now claim Canadian citizenship by descent. But they have to prove it

C-3 Citizenship Transmission: Who is likely to apply

One of the frustrations during C-3 hearings on the removal of the first-generation citizenship transmission restriction was the weak data presented by the government and the overly general but nevertheless useful PBO analysis.

IRCC did, however, indicate some 4,000 interim applications had been received and shared the data regarding these applications: gender, age, country of residence.

This working paper presents the analysis for citizenship data nerds.